DKTMost road rules are the same across Australia, but these are specific to Victoria.
- Learner permit holders must carry the permit, display L plates front and rear visible from 20 m, and drive with a full (non-probationary) licence holder in the front seat at all times.
- Learners under 21 need 120 hours supervised driving including 20 at night. (source)
- Continuous learner period before Ps: 12 months (<21), 6 months (21 to <25), 3 months (25+). (source)
- Learner permit is valid for 10 years. (source)
- Hazard Perception Test: 25 videos, up to 45 minutes, from 17y11m, before the drive test. (source)
- Under 21 gets 4-year probation: P1 at least 12 months then P2 at least 3 years. Aged 21+ start on P2 for 3 years. (source)
- P1 peer passenger rule: no more than one passenger aged 16 to under 22 (with family/supervisor exemptions). (source)
- Probationary prohibited vehicle: over 130 kW per tonne, performance-modified engine or gazetted.
- Automatic-only condition when tested in an automatic; removed only by passing a test in a manual. Probationers being instructed in a manual show a yellow 'Driver under instruction' plate as well as P plates.
- Learner, P1 and P2: zero BAC. Normal full-licence supervisors below 0.05.
- Learner and probationary drivers cannot touch a phone or device or use voice commands; navigation/audio must be set up before driving. Device rules changed 31 March 2023.
- A screen showing video visible from the driver's seat is illegal even when stopped (not parked).
- Demerits: probationary drivers with 5 or more points in 12 months (or 12 in 3 years) may be suspended at least 3 months.
- Speed limits: 50 km/h built-up, 100 km/h outside built-up and on freeways; permanent 40 km/h outside schools on most 50 km/h roads; time-based 40 on 60/70 roads; shared zones 10 km/h.
- Passing bicycle riders (and motorcyclists): at least 1 m where limit is up to 60 km/h, 1.5 m above 60 km/h.
- Hook turns at Hook Turn signs in central Melbourne; bicycle riders may hook turn anywhere unless signed.
- Trams: do not pass a stopped tram with open doors; stop level with the rear; give way to pedestrians. Yellow lines beside tracks give trams priority; tramways (double continuous yellow) off limits.
- Special purpose lanes may be used for up to 100 m (50 m in bicycle or tram lanes) only when necessary to enter/leave the road or avoid an obstruction.
- Do not cross double continuous white lines to overtake, turn, or enter/leave the road (brief crossing allowed to pass a bicycle rider if clear and safe).
- Give way to emergency vehicles with siren or red/blue/magenta lights; max 40 km/h when passing stationary or slow (<10 km/h) emergency, enforcement or escort vehicles with lights/siren.
- In a built-up area give way to a bus with a Give Way To Bus sign pulling out from the kerb.
- Keep out of the right lane on multi-lane roads over 80 km/h unless overtaking, turning right, U-turning, avoiding an obstruction or in congestion; applies where a Keep Left Unless Overtaking sign is displayed.
- Signal at least 5 seconds when moving off from the side of the road; headlights on between sunset and sunrise; dip high beam within 200 m.
- Children under 4 must not be seated in the front seat of vehicles with two or more rows.